This third edition is a revised and expanded version of Winston and Horn's best-selling introduction to the Lisp programming language and to Lisp-based applications, many of which are possible as a result of advances in Artificial Intelligence technology. The Knowledge You Need The new edition retains the broad coverage of previous editions that has made this book popular both with beginners and with more advanced readers -- coverage ranging from the basics of the language to detailed examples showing Lisp in practice. Based on the CommonLisp standard, this book also introduces CommonLisp's object system, CLOS, and the productivity-promoting techniques enabled by object-oriented programming. Application examples drawn from expert systems, natural language interfaces, and symbolic mathematics are featured, and new applications dealing with probability bounds, project simulation, and visual object recognition are introduced. Special Features of this Edition *Based on extensive teaching experience *Explains key problem solving paradigms, such as search, forward chaining, and problem reduction *Discusses constraint propagation, backward chaining, and key ideas in Prolog *Emphasizes procedure and data abstraction, and other points of programming style and practice *Covers cliches, mapping, streams, delayed evaluation, and techniques for better and faster procedure definition 0201083191B04062001
Tutorials and textbooks on Lisp programming include Lisp (Winston and Horn 1984), Common LispCraft (Wilensky 1986), Artificial Intelligence Programming, Charniak et al. (1987), Common Lisp Programming for Artificial Intelligence (Hasemer and Domingue 1989), Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lisp by Berthold K. Horn and Patrick H. Winston (2019, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!
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Aug 24, 2011 As I remember 1-st edition of 'W & H LISP' concearned MACLISP, 2-nd - don't remember, something about ANSI LISP and the third concearned CommonLISP. I have pdf from rare 1st Edition Winston & Horn LISP, but it's size about 13 Mb and so it can't be uploaded as attachment, so sorry. Also very impressive book is onLISP by Paul Graham. Lisp: Case Study ref: Lisp (3 rdEd) Winston & Horn (Chapter 6) Donald F.
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Here are the first 14 Fibonacci numbers, starting with F(0):
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, ..
and various Common Lisp implementations for the computation of the nth element of the sequence, structured similarly to the Factorial page:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, ..
and various Common Lisp implementations for the computation of the nth element of the sequence, structured similarly to the Factorial page:
(defun fib (n)'Naive recursive computation of the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(if(< n 2) n (+(fib (1- n))(fib (- n 2)))))
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(defun fib (n)'Tail-recursive computation of the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(labels((fib-aux (n f1 f2)(if(zerop n) f1 (fib-aux (1- n) f2 (+ f1 f2)))))(fib-aux n 0 1)))
This loop-based implementation probably written by Nicolas Neuss ([email protected]):
(defun fib (n)'loop-based iterative computation of the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(loop for f1 = 0 then f2 and f2 = 1 then (+ f1 f2) repeat n finally (return f1)))
(defun fib (n)'do-based iterative computation of the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(do((i n (1- i))(f1 0 f2)(f2 1 (+ f1 f2)))((= i 0) f1)))
(defun fib (n)'CPS computation of the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(labels((fib-aux (n k)(if(zerop n)(funcall k 0 1)(fib-aux (1- n)(lambda(x y)(funcall k y (+ x y)))))))(fib-aux n #'(lambda(a b) a))))
It is worth mentioning that the initial (lambda (a b) a), or λab.a in lambda calculus notation, is one of the two Church booleans: Lisp Winston Horn Pdf Download
true.You can use multiple values for a truly recursive implementation:
(defun fib (n)(labels((fib2 (n)(cond((= n 0)(values 1 0))(t(multiple-value-bind(val prev-val)(fib2 (- n 1))(values(+ val prev-val) val))))))(nth-value 0 (fib2 n))))
Of course, this is in some sense equivalent to the CPS version, but with thecontinuation left implicit. (Author: Drew McDermott, [email protected])A 'successive squaring' method suggested in Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, which runs in a logarithmic number of steps:
(defun fib (n)'Successive squaring method from SICP'(check-type n (integer 0 *))(labels((fib-aux (a b p q count)(cond((= count 0) b)(()(fib-aux a b (+(* p p)(* q q))(+(* q q)(* 2 p q))(/ count 2)))(t(fib-aux (+(* b q)(* a q)(* a p))(+(* b p)(* a q)) p q (-count 1))))))(fib-aux 1 0 0 1 n)))
Note that the 'clever algorithm' mentioned but not cited in SICP is described in an 'EWD note' entitled In honour of Fibonacci by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra.Another successive squaring method based on these formulas: F(2n-1)=F(n)^2+F(n-1)^2, F(2n)=(2F(n-1)+F(n))*F(n). See the end of this section from the Wikipedia article, or see the same EWD note as above, In honour of Fibonacci by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra.
(defun fib (n)(if(< n 2) n (if(oddp n)(let((k (/ (1+ n) 2)))(+(expt(fib k) 2)(expt(fib (1- k)) 2)))(let*((k (/ n 2))(fk (fib k)))(*(+(* 2 (fib (1- k))) fk) fk)))))
And now for something completely different, a generator version, inspired by a Python snippet.Python | Lisp | Ruby | Javascript |
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def fib (): a, b = 0, 1 while 1: yield a a, b = b, a+b
(let((a 0)(b 1))(defun fib ()(prog1 a (psetf a b b (+ a b)))))
def make_fib() a = 0; b = 1 lambda { v = a a, b = b, a + b v }end
var fib; ( function (){ var a=0; var b=1; fib=function (){ b=a+(a=b); return a; }})();
Upon successive calls, (fib) will return the next number in the sequence.JavaScript version by Cosmin Branescu, [email protected].;; Taken from Winston's Lisp, 3rd edition, this is a tail-recursive version, w/o an auxiliary function(defun fib (n &optional (i 1)(previous-month 0)(this-month 1))(if(<= n i) this-month (fib n (+ 1 i) this-month (+ this-month previous-month))))
;;;Original code by Arnold Schoenhage, ;;;translated to Scheme by Bradley J. Lucier (2004), ;;;and adapted to Common Lisp by Nicolas Neuss.(defun fast-fib-pair (n)'Returns f_n f_{n+1}.'(case n ((0)(values 0 1))((1)(values 1 1))(t(let((m (floor n 2)))(multiple-value-bind(f_m f_m+1)(fast-fib-pair m)(let((f_m^2 (* f_m f_m))(f_m+1^2 (* f_m+1 f_m+1)))(if(evenp n)(values(-(* 2 f_m+1^2)(* 3 f_m^2)(if(oddp m) -2 2))(+ f_m^2 f_m+1^2))(values(+ f_m^2 f_m+1^2)(-(* 3 f_m+1^2)(* 2 f_m^2)(if(oddp m) -2 2))))))))))
;; Fibonacci - Binet's Formula(defun fib (n)(*(/ 1 (sqrt 5))(-(expt(/ (+ 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) n)(expt(/ (- 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) n))))
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(defun fib (n)(/ (-(expt(/ (+ 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) n)(expt(/ (- 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) n))(sqrt 5)))
and even easier
(defun fib (n)(prog1(round(/ (expt(/ (+ 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) n)(sqrt 5)))))
Q: In the Winston & Horn book, n for the two above functions is n+1. Is there some reason for NOT having e.g.
A: Some authors still use a deprecated definition of the Fibonacci sequence, the one that begins with 1, 1 instead of 0, 1. Please see the definition and especially the closed form.Also, most books that touch on this topic (Donald Knuth's TAOCP for instance).
(expt (/ (- 1 (sqrt 5)) 2) (+ n 1)))
?A: Some authors still use a deprecated definition of the Fibonacci sequence, the one that begins with 1, 1 instead of 0, 1. Please see the definition and especially the closed form.Also, most books that touch on this topic (Donald Knuth's TAOCP for instance).
Q: Do we have any reason to keep the first implementation instead of the second one based on the Binet formula? --Cornel
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Caution: Due to limitations in floating-point representation precision, this last version works - (truncate (fib n)) is correct - only for n < 32.
From that point on, the error rises exponentially approximately like this: new_error = old_error * (5 / 3)
So, if for n = 32 the error is 1.25, for n = 99 the error is 4.2221247E14. I determined this using CLISP 2.33.2 under GNU Linux on IA32.
This can be improved by using 5.0d0 instead of 5, which ensures the use ofdouble-float. CLISP 2.33.2 computes correct values (using (round (fib n)) forn ≤ 75.
From that point on, the error rises exponentially approximately like this: new_error = old_error * (5 / 3)
So, if for n = 32 the error is 1.25, for n = 99 the error is 4.2221247E14. I determined this using CLISP 2.33.2 under GNU Linux on IA32.
This can be improved by using 5.0d0 instead of 5, which ensures the use ofdouble-float. CLISP 2.33.2 computes correct values (using (round (fib n)) forn ≤ 75.